For CeMAP students, distinguishing between interest-only and repayment mortgages is essential. In an interest-only mortgage, you pay only the interest each month, leaving the original loan balance (capital) outstanding until the end of the term.
By contrast, a repayment mortgage (also called a capital-and-interest mortgage) includes both interest and a portion of the loan principal in each payment, so the debt decreases over time. In practical terms, interest-only deals have lower monthly payments at first, but a lump sum (from savings or an investment) is needed later to clear the loan. Repayment mortgages require higher payments each month, but by the end of the term the mortgage is fully paid off and you own your home outright.
This article explains how these mortgage types work, their advantages and disadvantages, and how they feature in CeMAP learning materials (see the CeMAP mortgage types list and stamp duty guide for related topics).
Interest-Only Mortgages Explained
With an interest-only mortgage, monthly payments cover only the interest on the loan. This means the debt (capital) does not reduce; at the end of the mortgage term you still owe the full amount borrowed. Because you’re not paying down any capital, interest-only plans usually require a separate repayment vehicle (such as savings, investments, or a pension lump sum) to pay off the original loan by the end.
The main advantage of interest-only mortgages is the lower monthly payment. This can make them attractive for borrowers with irregular income (like professionals with bonuses) or those who expect a large future inflow of cash.
However, CeMAP students should remember the key pros and cons of interest-only mortgages. While the initial payments are smaller, the borrower remains responsible for the entire original loan. If the chosen repayment plan fails (for example, an investment underperforms), the borrower will still owe the capital at term. In fact, regulators note that many borrowers historically could not repay the capital at the end, which is why few interest-only mortgages are offered now. Lenders that do offer them may require larger deposits and often charge higher interest rates on interest-only deals.
Repayment Mortgages Explained
A repayment mortgage (capital-and-interest mortgage) is the most common type of mortgage. Each monthly payment covers the interest plus some of the capital, so the loan balance gradually falls. Over the agreed term (for example, 25 years) you consistently chip away at the debt. The key outcome is that the mortgage is fully repaid by the end of the term – meaning you own your home outright if all payments are kept up. This structure has important benefits: because the balance reduces, you generally pay less interest overall, and more of each payment goes towards reducing the loan as time goes on.
The downside is that a repayment mortgage’s monthly payments are higher than with an interest-only loan. In other words, you are paying interest and capital every month instead of interest alone, so the lender gets their money back sooner. This makes budgeting more demanding. However, the trade-off is often worth it for first-time buyers or risk-averse borrowers, since there is no large capital sum looming at the end of the mortgage. In CeMAP terminology, the repayment option provides “the security of owning your own home” by term if all repayments are made.
Interest-Only vs Repayment: Key Differences
The fundamental difference is how each payment is applied. In simple terms, an interest-only loan is like renting your mortgage with a commitment to pay the full price at the end, whereas a repayment loan is like paying gradually so that by term’s end the debt is zero. A quick repayment mortgage guide would say: “pay interest + part of the loan each month, so the mortgage is repaid by the end.” For an interest-only mortgage, the picture is different: you pay interest only, and you need a clear plan for settling the loan later.
This means interest-only deals have lower initial payments but higher long-term risk. CeMAP students should note that lenders now favour repayment mortgages because the debt reduces automatically – there’s no need to rely on a separate savings plan. In fact, MoneyHelper highlights that very few interest-only mortgages are offered nowadays, mostly for buy-to-let or older borrowers, precisely because of past cases where borrowers could not repay the capital.
From a CeMAP perspective, these mortgage types appear together in the mortgage types comparison. Compare them by considering payments, risk and outcomes. The pros and cons of an interest-only mortgage include flexibility and lower payments versus the risk of still owing the full loan. Repayment mortgages sacrifice the lower payments but ensure you will end up debt-free if you meet the schedule. CeMAP students are advised to practise describing these differences in narrative form (rather than tables). Remember to link this knowledge with related topics like mortgage costs and loan fees. For example, always consider how stamp duty (see the CeMAP stamp duty guide) or other charges affect the overall loan calculation.
CeMAP Exam Considerations
In the CeMAP syllabus, interest-only and repayment mortgages fall under the Mortgage Types category. Aspirant advisers should understand these mortgages not just theoretically but also in calculation contexts (e.g. computing monthly payments under each type). Review the CeMAP mortgage type list where these terms are defined, and practise questions comparing them. It’s also useful to be familiar with Stamp Duty Land Tax (SDLT) calculations, since CeMAP 2 exams test property costs – see our CeMAP stamp duty guide for revision.
A practical tip: when answering CeMAP-style exam questions, explain that with an interest-only mortgage the customer must demonstrate how they’ll repay the capital at term. If asked about affordability, note that an interest-only plan will have lower repayments at first but greater overall cost due to the outstanding balance. For repayment mortgages, emphasise that each payment reduces debt, so the loan will be cleared on schedule. In short, use the CeMAP study materials (like the mortgage type list and stamp duty guide) to tie these concepts into the broader exam framework.
Frequently Asked Questions
What happens at the end of an interest-only mortgage term?
At term’s end, an interest-only borrower still owes the original loan amount. Unlike a repayment mortgage, no principal has been paid down, so the full capital must be repaid in a lump sum. If the borrower cannot repay, the lender may repossess the home. CeMAP advises that clients should have a solid repayment strategy in place beforehand.
Can I switch from an interest-only mortgage to a repayment mortgage?
Yes – if the lender approves. Switching requires passing affordability checks since the payments will rise. Options include moving to a repayment mortgage with the same lender, remortgaging with a new lender, or converting part of the loan to repayment (a “part and part” mortgage). Always discuss options with a mortgage adviser before changing your mortgage type.
Why are interest-only mortgages less common now?
After the 2008 financial crisis, lenders tightened rules on interest-only loans. Many borrowers previously could not repay the capital at term, causing large losses for lenders. Consequently, interest-only deals are now usually reserved for special cases (e.g. buy-to-let landlords or borrowers with large repayment investments). In general, lenders prefer repayment mortgages because the debt reduces automatically each month.
Which mortgage type is generally safer for borrowers?
A repayment mortgage is typically safer because each monthly payment reduces the debt, ensuring the mortgage will be cleared by term. This builds home equity and avoids a large final payment. An interest-only loan is riskier for the borrower: although it has lower payments, the borrower must later find a large sum to repay the capital. CeMAP candidates should advise customers to consider their ability to make repayments or face the risk of still owing the debt.
Conclusion
Understanding the difference between interest-only and repayment mortgages is key for any future mortgage adviser. Repayment mortgages offer certainty of paying off the loan over time, while interest-only loans provide lower initial costs at the expense of future risk.
CeMAP training covers both types in detail, along with related concepts like stamp duty. By studying the CeMAP mortgage types list and practising exam questions, students will be well-prepared to explain these mortgages confidently.
For a deeper dive into mortgage advice skills, consider enrolling in CeMAP training courses that cover interest-only versus repayment mortgages comprehensively.